Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.     

气孔缺陷对TA15 钛合金氩弧焊接头疲劳性能的影响

对TA15钛合金氩弧焊接接头的组织和疲劳断裂特征进行了分析,对气孔缺陷和疲劳寿命的关系进行了定量表征.结果表明:疲劳裂纹起源于焊缝的亚表面或者内部气孔缺陷,当气孔尺寸较小时,断口会出现“鱼眼”形貌特征;应力水平较低时,气孔尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响尤为显著,在特定的应力水平下,可以通过构件中的气孔缺陷尺寸来预测其寿命,对于焊接结构疲劳寿命的预测和构件焊接质量的评定具有重要的工程意义.     

Consideration on aircraft tire spray when running on wet runways

The tire spray produced by aircraft running on wet runways may enter the intake of engines, which may lead to the compressor stall, surge, or even combustion flameout. Therefore, it is necessary to do some research work on the tire spray to help to solve this problem. Firstly, the mechanism of tire spray is analyzed, and some parameters are defined to describe the spray pattern. Secondly, the numerical model of tire spray is established by coupled Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element Method (FEM) in LS-DYNA software, and the model is validated by a simplified water spray experiment. Then some influence factors on the spray pattern are studied by numerical simulation. Finally, some suggestions are proposed on different types of aircraft to avoid too much tire spray being ingested into the engine intakes.     

状态方程对煤油液滴高压蒸发计算的影响

分别基于RK、SRK和PR等不同真实流体状态方程(EoS)建立了包含亚临界和超临界两种不同机制的瞬态液滴高压蒸发模型。针对我国新一代高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机，对煤油液滴在高压N 2 环境下的蒸发过程进行数值研究，重点分析了不同状态方程对N 2 -C 12 H 26 二元系统高压气液相平衡，及进一步对煤油液滴高压蒸发计算的影响。结果表明：对液滴蒸发速率影响最大的参数是液滴表面蒸气质量分数，而对该参数影响最大的则是所选取的状态方程。基于SRK和PR EoSs的高压气液相平衡及液滴高压蒸发计算结果均与试验数据符合较好，可正确描述液滴高压蒸发特性；而基于RK EoS的相平衡计算结果显著高估液滴表面蒸气质量分数和环境气体溶解度，并低估临界混合温度和偏摩尔相变热，进而在亚临界蒸发状态下高估蒸发速率，在超临界蒸发状态下低估蒸发速率。另外，基于RK EoS的计算中液滴发生跨临界转变所需的环境温度显著低于基于SRK和PR EoSs的。     

火星进入气体辐射加热研究进展

针对飞行器进入火星大气时气体辐射加热对防热设计带来不确定性，在简述火星探测和气体辐射研究的发展历程的基础上，对火星进入气体辐射加热研究的进展进行综述。首先，针对火星大气环境描述了气体辐射加热的概念和问题由来。其次，重点综述了近年来火星进入气体辐射加热基础模型的数值和试验研究进展，其中包括：热化学非平衡气体动力学、气体辐射特性和辐射传输的计算模型与方法等数值研究；地面测试设备、试验技术和模拟火星大气环境的气体辐射测量与验证等试验研究。再次，综述了流动辐射耦合和后体气体辐射加热等火星进入器设计方面开展的研究。最后，对未来火星进入气体辐射加热研究进行了展望，提出了研究建议。     

发动机吞水试验云雾特性数值模拟

吞水试验是测试飞机在雨天飞行时发动机性能的基本手段。喷水系统是吞水试验中构造水滴及水雾状态的关键部件,在保证液态水含量的同时还要满足液滴粒径和液滴分布的要求。通过CFD软件对喷雾系统进行数值模拟,得到各种因素对喷雾粒径的影响。发动机慢车状态时,水滴呈聚合趋势;最大状态时,水滴呈破碎趋势。提出一种喷水环形式的喷水系统,并对采用喷水环结构形式的喷水系统进行建模和数值计算,探讨其对外流场以及粒径变化产生影响。     

Theoretical investigation of shock stand-off distance for non-equilibrium flows over spheres

We derived a theoretical solution of the shock stand-off distance for a non-equilibrium flow over spheres based on Wen and Hornung’s solution and Olivier’s solution. Compared with previous approaches, the main advantage of the present approach is allowing an analytic solution without involving any semi-empirical parameter for the whole non-equilibrium flow regimes. The effects of some important physical quantities therefore can be fully revealed via the analytic solution. By combining the current solution with Ideal Dissociating Gas (IDG) model, we investigate the effects of free stream kinetic energy and free stream dissociation level (which can be very different between different facilities) on the shock stand-off distance.     

某民用涡扇发动机飞行包线内吸雨量计算分析

分析吸雨对发动机工作性能的影响,首要的是确定能被发动机吸入的雨量。通过综合考虑适航规章要求的大气雨水分布、环境温度、飞行速度、发动机功率和聚集效应对发动机吸雨的影响,结合完整的推力调节计划,计算分析了某民用大涵道比涡扇发动机在不同推力等级下全飞行包线内风扇进口水气比(WAR)。结果表明:在同一马赫数下,风扇进口水气比在6 100m处达到最大;在该高度以下,水气比随着高度的增加而增大;在该高度以上,水气比随着高度的增加而减小;飞行马赫数越大、环境温度越高,水气比也越大;并且标准天空中慢车推力下的风扇进口水气比最大可达到7.38%。该计算方法可为民用涡扇发动机吸雨适航取证的关键点分析提供参考。     

气相色谱测定偏二甲肼纯度方法的改进

研究了气相色谱内标法代替常规的标准工作曲线法测定偏二甲肼纯度（ＵＤＭＨ）。用内标与偏二甲肼混合样品,避免了微量进样不准确的缺陷。结果表明,该方法相对标准偏差接近于１％,回收率大于９８．０％。     

卫星推进系统气体流量探头的研制

介绍了卫星推进系统气体流量探头设计中的几个问题,该探头适用微波量气体流量的测量,采用了差压式孔板流量计的原理,设计轻巧,使用方便,能够进行远距离无失真传输,方便了现场测试。